It is not that he doesnt believe in monophyly actually occurring, but that he doesnt think that we should use a monophyletic-based system of classification. Cladistics are based only on monophyletic groups (clades) and is the dominant approach, but there are other schools like evolutionists or feneticists that consider not only monophyly. The bony fish thing he says is a common argument used by evolutionists to explain why, from an evolutionary point of view, monophyletic groups may not have that much sense. Its something similar to what hapens with classic reptiles (wich are paraphyletic), if you wanted to define a monophyletic reptile group it should include al the lineages derived form this ancestral group (million years ago), wich would be mammals, birds (since this groups originated from reptiles). This way, mammals and birds would be inside this group, so they would be mammals and reptiles (or birds and reptiles) at the same time. Is difficult to explain without a grafic or more words but you can check Brummit, Horandl and other cited authors if youre interested. There is still a lot of debate on this and both points of view and be sure to check really well both sides before taking some position. :)
2022-01-04 18:46:27 +0000 UTC
Why doesn't Russell believe in monophyly and what is he saying about bony fish? I couldn't understand that part :)
Also: Thank you!