Neurofeedback users guide
Added 2024-08-24 13:53:23 +0000 UTCNeurofeedback is a form of biofeedback that uses real-time displays of brain activity to teach individuals how to self-regulate brain function. NF has recently gained a lot of attention (especially in the biohacking and alternative health space) for its clinical and non-clinical applications for improving brain health and performance.
NF is also particularly effective and commonly used for treating PTSD, anxiety, treatment resistant depression, and also has clinical application for addiction and a variety of other mental health disorders and challenges
I’ve talked about NF numerous times in the past. A lot of people are confused on what forms are effective and how many sessions they need. We’ll cover that here
Traditional neurofeedback
Traditional neurofeedback often involve engaging in games or tasks that reward specific brainwave patterns. This is the most popular form of neurofeedback widely used for various purposes including the treatment of ADHD, anxiety, and depression. However, a new approach, known as dynamic systems-oriented neurofeedback, is emerging as a more effective (and less time consuming) alternative. This is personally my preferred and favorite form of NF.
This method of NF shifts the focus from narrowly optimizing for specific mental states to promoting homeostasis and flexibility within the brain, providing a more holistic and adaptable framework for mental health and cognitive enhancement. You can almost thing if this through the lens of sports specific training vs GPP. Focusing only on what we ‘think the athlete needs’ (per the immediate demands of the sport) is going to leave the athlete ill prepared and under developed in other areas of development (like strength, flexibility, power etc) that support the primary (specific) sport aims.
Traditional neurofeedback operates on a relatively straightforward premise: participants receive feedback about their brain activity as they engage in a game or task. The goal is to encourage the brain to generate specific patterns of activity associated with desired mental states, such as increased concentration or reduced anxiety. For example, a child with attention difficulties might be rewarded for maintaining a brainwave pattern indicative of focus while playing a video game that advances only when these patterns are achieved. (It you’re confused here, think of NF as literally being able to control a video game with your brain while you’re hooked up to censors. Which is pretty cool and fascinating in its own regard)
While traditional neurofeedback has shown some effectiveness, it carries significant limitations. One major drawback is its reliance on a static view of brain function. By training individuals to sustain particular states—such as calmness or focus—these methods inadvertently restrict the brain's natural variability and adaptability. This fixation on optimizing for one specific outcome can lead to an over-reliance on that state, potentially hindering the brain's ability to respond flexibly to changing demands and circumstances.
traditional neurofeedback often employs brain mapping techniques to identify which patterns to target. This approach can be problematic, as brain mapping frequently generalizes complex neural processes into overly simplified models. Many believe that practitioners that offer brain mapping are ‘superior’ to dynamic systems oriented approaches to NF — this is false and it’s another misrepresentation of the idea that more tech (or more data) is always a good idea. The brain cannot be easily dissected into isolated components, and thus, the act of mapping becomes a guessing game regarding which patterns might yield the most beneficial outcomes.
Dynamic Systems Neurofeedback:
Dynamic systems-oriented neurofeedback represents a paradigm shift in how we understand and train the brain. Instead of merely optimizing for specific mental states, DSNF emphasizes the brain's capacity to maintain a balanced, homeostatic state. This approach recognizes the brain as a complex, adaptive system that thrives on its ability to flexibly shift between various cognitive and emotional states as needed.
The key advantage of DSNF lies in its holistic perspective of brain function. Rather than rigidly targeting specific brainwave patterns, DSNF actually promotes a broader range of neural activity. This flexibility allows individuals to develop a more robust self-regulation capacity, leading to improved resilience and adaptability in daily life. By fostering a brain that can effectively transition between states—whether that be focused attention, relaxation, or emotional regulation—individuals may experience enhanced cognitive performance but mostly importantly…mental resilience and adaptability.
DSNF aligns itself with the principles of dynamic systems theory, which emphasizes the importance of interactions and relationships within complex systems. Many of you are probably familiar with DST, especially in strength and conditioning. In the context of the brain, this means recognizing that mental states are not merely the sum of their parts but the result of intricate interactions among various neural networks. DSNF enables individuals to cultivate a brain that is not only capable of specific outcomes but is also adept at navigating the complexities of real-life challenges, similar to how we would promote ‘movement optimism’ or ‘movement options’ as a similar solution with the training micro-environment.
Brain mapping limitations
One of the central criticisms of traditional neurofeedback is its reliance on brain mapping to identify optimal patterns for training. While brain mapping can provide valuable insights, it is fundamentally limited. The human brain is not a straightforward machine; it is an intricate network of interconnected systems that cannot be easily dissected into isolated components. This complexity means that brain mapping often oversimplifies the multifaceted nature of neural processes.
the focus on optimization can lead to a narrow view of mental health and performance. Traditional neurofeedback may inadvertently promote a restrictive model that emphasizes achieving a singular ideal state. In contrast, dynamic systems-oriented neurofeedback encourages a more nuanced understanding of brain function. It recognizes that the brain's ability to oscillate between different cognitive states is crucial for effective functioning.
Rather than striving to attain a static ideal, DSNF promotes the idea that a healthy, adaptable brain is one that can fluidly respond to a range of situations. This adaptability is particularly important in today's changing environments, where the ability to shift focus, manage stress, and respond to emotional challenges is a non-negotiable
Conclusion
Dynamic systems-oriented neurofeedback represents a significant advancement over traditional neurofeedback methods. By shifting the focus from narrow optimization of specific brain states to fostering a balanced and adaptable brain, DSNF aligns more closely with the complexities of human cognition and emotional regulation.
Ultimately, rather than attempting to optimize for a singular state, we should recognize the importance of cultivating a brain that can adaptively navigate the myriad demands of life. This approach not enhances individual resilience but also promotes a deeper understanding of mental health as a dynamic and evolving process.
This is why I tend to push most people towards a DS oriented form of neurofeedback. My favorite form of DS oriented NF is NeurOptimal. NO is also widely available in many states, and you can search for practioners locally in your area on their website bellow.
How many sessions do I need?
The typical number of sessions for NF to be lastingly effective is usually around 10-15 although this can vary and is usually more subjective than objective. After 10-15 sessions, most individuals will notice lasting benefits, particularly for things like cognitive performance , anxiety, PTSD and depression.
Purchasing vs rentals
you can also find many practioners that offer rentals. I personally prefer this because it tends to be relatively cheaper for the amount of sessions you can do. For example, renting a device would allow you to use it continuously for a month or two, where you’re able to accumulate 30-60 sessions (if used daily) for the price of 10-15. For reference, most NF praxtioners charge $100 a session and rentals are usually around $800 although prices can sometimes fluctuate.
If you cannot find a NO practioner in your area, you can also search for Creset, and IASIS microcurrent beurofeedback which are also DS oriented devices
https://microcurrentneurofeedback.com
