So I managed to get rid of that annoying seam and reduced the render time from 2.5 minutes to 45 seconds per frame without significant loss of quality.
It was interesting to see how different approaches to seam removal resulted in a ±20-second difference in render time.
Important note:
In the EEVEE engine, it is important to have the simplest possible node setup in materials.
You can make part of your material transparent in different ways—either by mixing a Transparent BSDF with a Principled BSDF or by using the alpha input value of the Principled BSDF.
Mixing two shaders is slower in this case.
Remove all unnecessary material customizations, for example, controlling the pubes color from a custom UI. This alone can save 50% of the render time.