Lets start with Einstein's invariant: Energy squared minus momentum squared equals mass squared.
For light, mass equals zero and Energy gets completely tied up in momentum. For electrons approaching the speed of light, their momentum almost matches their energy. They have very little mass. Their momentum can be quite high and uncertain in every direction. By Heisenberg's uncertainty relation (Fourier analysis) the electron's position (conjugate to momentum) must not be far from the central nucleus.
The spherical s-orbits get pulled in close to the nucleus because the momentum embedded in them has become great. The total action of momentum times position has to be quantized in whole units of Planck's quantum of action h.
A radial vector times a momentum vector gives one angular momentum with the same quantized units of action as Planck' constant.
Bohr imagined the angular momentum coming in whole multiples of Planck's constant. Super relativistic electron states with a wide range of momentum could only occur if they were tucked in close to the nucleus.
The Fourier analysis and Planck's constant necessitate all of this. Gold shines like the sun,
not because electrons get heavy, but, because they have started to behave as light itself.
They have cloaked themselves as bosons.
Scott Ready
2022-04-16 04:38:22 +0000 UTC
a lot of people have been asking that and I'm sorry to admit I don't know! :S
Up and Atom
2018-07-13 23:21:07 +0000 UTC
Great job Jade ππ» Now itβs got me wondering how copper gets itβs colour π€